Three days after the Vatican’s encyclical urged a ban on autonomous weapons, Arthur Mensch, chief executive of French AI firm Mistral, defended his company’s defense‑AI work. Mensch argued that Europe cannot afford to halt development while rival states continue to field AI‑driven systems. The clash pits the Pope’s moral appeal for strict self‑defense against a growing European defense industry that sees AI as essential to national security. Both sides agree on the legitimacy of self‑defense, but they differ on the threshold required to deploy lethal AI.
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