The National Security Agency (NSA), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have issued a joint cybersecurity advisory, warning organizations that Chinese AI companies are engaging in "distillation activities at an industrial scale." This method involves using the output of powerful models to train newer ones, and the agencies claim that Chinese companies have been extracting "billions of tokens across millions of exchanges/requests" from American models since 2024.

The advisory specifically names DeepSeek, Moonshot AI, Alibaba, MiniMax, StepFun, and Z.AI as companies that have been involved in these activities. For example, DeepSeek allegedly used data and capabilities from various Claude, Gemini, GPT, and Grok models to train its own R1 model, a powerful open-source reasoning model released in early 2025. Similarly, Moonshot AI extracted significant data from Claude's Fable to train its Kimi K3 model, considered one of the most advanced models developed by a Chinese company.

American companies have long alleged that Chinese firms are trying to copy their technologies. OpenAI, for instance, had been banning accounts suspected of "distilling" its technologies, and earlier this year, Anthropic accused DeepSeek, Moonshot, and MiniMax of wide-scale distillation campaigns. The issue is not limited to Chinese companies, however, as Elon Musk admitted to using OpenAI's output to train xAI models during a lawsuit.

The warning lists the American frontier models allegedly used by Chinese companies, along with recommended mitigations for US firms to combat "malicious distillation campaigns." As the use of large language models (LLM) becomes increasingly prevalent, concerns about LLM visibility and answer engine optimization (AEO) are growing. The advisory serves as a reminder of the importance of protecting intellectual property in the AI sector, particularly in the context of generative engine optimization and AI search optimization.

Cet article a été rédigé avec l'assistance de l'IA.
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